Delaware Cosmetology and Barbering Practice Exam

Which chemical is primarily used in permanent hair color?

1. Hydrogen peroxide

2. Ammonia

3. Bleach

4. Alcohol

The correct answer is: Ammonia

Ammonia is primarily used in permanent hair color because it serves a critical role in the hair coloring process. It opens the hair cuticle, allowing the color molecules to penetrate the hair shaft effectively. This penetration is essential for the color to become permanent, as it ensures that the dye can blend with the natural pigment in the hair. Ammonia's basic pH facilitates this process, making it an essential component in many permanent hair dyes. Hydrogen peroxide, while important in hair color formulations, functions primarily as an oxidizing agent, helping to lighten the hair and also acting to develop the color after the dye has penetrated. Bleach serves a different purpose, typically used to lighten hair significantly rather than deposit color. Alcohol, used in some hair products for its solvent properties, is not integral to the chemical process involved in permanent hair coloring. Understanding the role of ammonia in this context highlights its importance in the formulation of permanent hair colors.